凯茵化工讯 日前，有媒体报道美国堪萨斯州立大学的物理学家可能找到了廉价量产石墨烯的方法，通过这种方法生产石墨烯只需三个简单步骤和使用三种简单材料。发明这种方法的克里斯 索伦森申请并获得了 。这一消息，引起了我国科研人员的高度关注与热烈议论。

　　被称为“黑金”的石墨烯有哪些特性?我国朗盛抗静电剂石墨烯研发与应用又处于何种状态?

　　环境风险面前 寻找石墨烯制备新方法

　　科学家预言石墨烯将“彻底改变21世纪”，有可能掀起一场席卷 全Q的颠覆性新技术新产业革命。为此，近10年来 全Q从事这个领域研究的科学家们，都力求在石墨烯的制备技术上尽快突破，期望能早日实现量产，抢占国际市场制高点。

　　石墨是层状结构，层与层之间以范德华力相互作用，作用力较弱，很容易剥落。2004年，英国曼彻斯特大学的研究者利用胶带反复刮擦石墨片，直至获得单层的石墨，也就是石墨烯。江苏理工学院副教授唐煌7月4日接受科技日报记者采访时说：“这种二维碳材料表现出优异的物理及化学性质，成为材料学、物理学、化学等领域的研究热点。”

　　唐煌介绍，石墨烯的制备方法很多，科研上主要有微机械剥离法，化学气相沉积法，外延生长法，氧化还原法(Hummers法)等，除了Hummers法，其他方法制备的石墨烯质量较高，是石墨烯研究中不可或缺的方法。但是无法产业化量产，只能局限于实验室的科学研究。

　　目前，产业上Hummers法用得较多，但该方法得到的石墨烯不 好，结构上有很多缺陷，同时该方法产生大量化学废液，存在一定的环境风险。正是由于在石墨烯制备上存在着明显的缺陷，任何国家政府都没有办法支持它的产业化。因此，近年来，各国科学家又潜心寻找石墨烯制备的新方法。

　　海洋化工研究院 工程师孙春龙7月6日对科技日报记者说：“类似克里斯 索伦森的爆炸法制备石墨烯，国内也有人研究过，但至今没听说过有成功量产的消息。”

　　市场需求虽大 石墨烯却难以量产

　　由于石墨烯的结构特点，决定了石墨烯具有薄且坚硬，透光度好，导热性强，导电率高，结构稳定，电子迁移速度快等特性，市场应用前景广阔，近10年来，石墨烯概念在 全Q受到广泛追捧，国内对石墨烯的研发与应用热度，也是“水涨船高”，持续不减。

　　尽管市场需求大，但石墨烯却始终难以量产。“关键在于必须解决一些重要的技术难题。”唐煌告诉记者，目前，石墨烯在产业界还缺乏统一的质量标准。而技术和标准也成为制约石墨烯产业化的巨大绊脚石，石墨烯的产业化依旧任重道远。

　　单层与多层有何不同之处?唐煌解释，石墨烯根据其层数一般可以分成单层石墨烯、双层石墨烯、少层石墨烯和多层石墨烯。其中，单层石墨烯是严格意义上的石墨烯，少层石墨烯由3—10层构成。当层数大于10层，一般称为多层石墨烯。因为石墨烯的优异性能会随着层数的增加显著下降，业界认为，超过10层便不具备石墨烯材料的优异性能。

　　7月6日，多年从事研发的中国碳谷科技集团S席专家戴加龙在接受科技日报记者采访时表示：“应该说，在国际石墨烯制备技术上，我国处于国际同步的水平。除了常用的氧化还原法和液相剥离法外，我们碳谷科技采取产学研联合攻关，使用优质大鳞片石墨为原料，通过微机械剥离方式制得少层石墨烯，其主要优点是径厚比大、生产过程无污染、保留了二维材料优秀的机械性能和电学性能。”

　　用中科院院士、北京大学纳米科学与技术研究中心主任刘忠范的话来说，“碳谷科技独特的分段式微机械剥分工艺，在当前国际石墨烯产业面临多种制约和瓶颈之下，开创了一条新的发展路径，为石墨烯产业的大规模应用，起到了很好的引领作用。”

　　基础研究尚欠火候 应用推广却已火热

　　孙春龙告诉记者，好近，关于石墨烯的产业化应用，在重防腐涂料、石墨烯散热薄膜、石墨烯基电池等方面，取得了一定进展。但事实上，这些应用对石墨烯质量要求不是太高，部分领域产品虽然实现商品化，性能并没有体现出惊人的效果。即使在新能源领域，有些石墨烯导电剂的产品性能还不能与碳纳米管相比，这本身与石墨烯的层数有关，表明石墨烯技术还不成熟，石墨烯只能替代部分的传统材料。

　　用戴加龙的话来说，石墨烯制备技术的关注程度不如前几年，很多企业注意力都集中在石墨烯的应用上，认为石墨烯制备技术已经成熟，但得到的石墨烯应用产品效果却差强人意。就国内石墨烯现状来看，整个产业仍处于发展初级阶段，并未进入产业化。

　　记者了解到，到目前，国际上还没有单层石墨烯量产。石墨资源在我国储量丰富，产量占了世界70%左右，但一些地方把石墨烯与石墨资源混为一谈，只要当地发现了石墨资源，就打出石墨烯的概念，而且各地依托石墨资源规划的石墨烯产业园千篇一律，同质化非常严重。

　　近年来，国内的一些科研单位与材料领域的生产企业，在概念依然模糊，缺乏开发能力的情况下，就投入大量的资金，盲目直奔石墨烯而去，致使石墨烯研究院、石墨烯产业基地、石墨烯新材料园区遍地开花。更让专家们担忧的是，石墨烯关键核心技术还没有解决，真正意义上的石墨烯产品还没出来，一些研发与生产单位，就开始到处游说开发成功。现在，已开始从“研发热”转向“应用热”，各式各样的应用推广会议，更是铺天盖地。

　　从概念走向应用 促使产业化健康发展

　　目前，国内石墨烯从业企业，绝大多数是中小型企业，年销售额多数仅在百万元左右，且缺乏产品开发能力。因此，一些对外宣称具备百吨年产能的生产企业，其产值和盈利能力远远没有达到预期，多数企业处于亏损状态。

　　北京墨烯科技发展有限公司副总经理邹传泉说：“当前国内石墨烯‘虚火’过旺。如果关键技术不解决，停留在低水平，5到8年内，就会有大批企业倒下。”

　　戴加龙认为，在这场石墨烯的热潮中，一些地方与企业走上了另一个极端，把石墨烯视为拉动经济发展的“神丹妙药”，到了非理性的“狂热”地步，严重影响着石墨烯产业的健康发展。

　　如何消除过旺的“虚火”?专家提出，决不能把目光都死盯在石墨烯这个“独木桥”上，实际上，利用石墨资源可开发的产品很多，地方政府和企业应因地制宜，围绕市场开发多品种、高值化的产品。

　　孙春龙告诉记者，中国拥有广阔的防腐涂料市场，其中海洋重防腐涂料需求日益增加。随着国内多家科研单位和企业投入研发的石墨烯基重防腐涂料的集中问世，不但对防腐涂料领域的发展具有重要的意义，也是一个促使石墨烯走向产业化的突破口，将有力推动石墨烯从概念到应用的发展。

　　题图 7月6日，在2017世界石墨烯创新大会上发布的《2016-2017中国石墨烯发展年度报告》显示，2016年以来，我国石墨烯企业爆发式增长，研发类企业占比约43%，突破应用领域多为触摸屏等产品零件，但完整成型的突破性终端产品并不多见，产品类型未成体系。报告认为，目前我国石墨烯产业仍处在概念导入期，是产业化突破的初期阶段，石墨烯产业成熟至少还需要5到10年的时间。

Graphene industry healthy growth but also "defeated false fire"

Kailin Chemical News Recently, there are media reports physicists at Kansas State University may find a cheap mass production of graphene, graphene production by this method only three simple steps and the use of three simple materials . Chris invented this method and filed a patent for it. This news has aroused great concern and heated discussion among our researchers.

What are the properties of graphene called "black gold"? What is the state of research and development and application of graphene in our country? Looking for Graphene for Environmental Risk Method

Scientists predict that graphene will "radically change the 21st century" and may set off a disruptive new technology and industrial revolution that has swept across the world. For this reason, in the past 10 years, scientists engaged in this field worldwide have sought to make breakthroughs in the preparation of graphene as soon as possible, hoping to achieve mass production at an early date and seize the commanding height in the international market.

Graphite is a lamellar structure with van der Waals interactions between layers and weak forces that can easily peel off. In 2004, researchers at the University of Manchester in England used graphite tape to repeatedly scratch graphite sheets until a single layer of graphite, known as graphene, was obtained. Tang Huang, an associate professor at Jiangsu Institute of Technology, said in an interview with Science and Technology Daily on July 4: "This two-dimensional carbon material shows excellent physical and chemical properties and has become a research focus in the fields of materials science, physics and chemistry. Introduction of Tang Huang, graphene preparation methods are many scientific research mainly micro-mechanical stripping method, chemical vapor deposition method, epitaxial growth method, redox method (Hummers method), in addition to the Hummers method, Graphene prepared by other methods of high quality, graphene is an indispensable method. However, the industrialization of mass production can not be limited to scientific research in the laboratory. At present, the industrial Hummers method is more used, but the graphene obtained by this method is not perfect and has many defects in structure. At the same time, the method produces a large amount of chemical waste liquid and poses some environmental risks. It is because of the obvious flaws in the preparation of graphene that no government in any country can support its industrialization. Therefore, in recent years, scientists from all over the world have devoted themselves to finding new methods for preparing graphene. Sun Chunlong, senior engineer of the Institute of Marine Chemical Industry, told Science and Technology Daily on July 6 that graphene has been studied in the explosive method similar to that of Chris S midonsen, but so far it has not been heard Said a successful mass production of news. Due to the structural characteristics of graphene, graphene has a thin and hard, good transmittance, strong thermal conductivity, conductive High rate, stable structure, fast electron transfer and other characteristics of the market prospects for the broad application of graphene in the world over the past 10 years has been widely sought after the domestic graphene R & D and application of heat, but also "going up" Less.

Despite the large market demand, graphene has been difficult to mass-produce. "The point is that we have to solve some important technical problems. Tang Huang told reporters that at present, graphene in the industry is still a lack of uniform quality standards. The technology and standards have also become a huge stumbling block to the industrialization of graphene. The industrialization of graphene still has a long way to go.

What is the difference between a single layer and multiple layers? According to Tang Huang, graphene can generally be divided into single layer graphene, double layer graphene, few layer graphene and multi-layer graphene according to the number of layers. Among them, the single-layer graphene is a strictly graphene, a few layers of graphene consists of 3 & mdash; 10 layers. When the number of layers is more than 10 layers, it is generally called multi-layer graphene. Because the excellent performance of graphene will be significantly reduced with the increase in the number of layers, the industry believes that more than 10 layers do not have the excellent performance of graphene materials. July 6, for many years engaged in research and development of China Carbon Valley Technology Group Chief Expert Dai Jia Long told Science and Technology Daily reporter said: "It should be said that the international graphene preparation technology, our country in the international Synchronized level. In addition to the commonly used redox and liquid stripping method, we adopt the research of production, study and research by Carbon Valley Technology. Using high-quality large-scale graphite as raw material, microlayer graphene is obtained by micro-mechanical stripping method. Its main advantage is the aspect ratio Large, pollution-free production process, retaining the excellent mechanical properties and electrical properties of 2D materials. "With the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Nanoscience and Technology Research Center Director Liu Zhongfan's words," Carbon Valley technology unique segmented micro-mechanical stripping process in the current international graphene industry is facing a variety of Constraints and bottlenecks, creating a new path of development for the large-scale application of graphene industry played a very good lead role.

Sun Wenlong told reporters that the recent industrial application of graphene, heavy duty coatings, graphite Vinyl heat film, graphene-based batteries, made some progress. But in fact, these applications are rightGraphene quality requirements are not too high, although some areas of commercialization of products, performance and did not reflect the astonishing effect. Even in the field of new energy, the performance of some graphene conductive agents can not be compared with that of carbon nanotubes, which is itself related to the number of layers of graphene, indicating that the graphene technology is not yet mature, and graphene can only replace part of the traditional materials . In the words of Daikalon, the concern of graphene preparation technology is not as good as a few years ago, and many companies are focused on the application of graphene, that graphene preparation technology has matured, but the Graphene application product results are unsatisfactory. The current situation of domestic graphene point of view, the entire industry is still in its infancy, did not enter the industrialization.

Reporters learned that, so far, no single-layer graphene in the world production. Graphite resources are abundant in our country and their output accounts for about 70% of the world's total. However, some places confound graphene and graphite resources. As long as the graphite resources are discovered locally, the concept of graphene is explored and the graphene industry relies on graphite resources planning Garden stereotyped, homogenization is very serious. In recent years, some research institutes in China and manufacturing enterprises in the field of materials have invested a lot of money into the graphene blindly when the concept is still vague and lack of development capability. As a result, graphene Research institutes, graphene industry base, graphene new material park blossom everywhere. Let experts worry that the key core technology of graphene has not been resolved, the real graphene products have not come out, some research and development and production units, began lobbying development success. Now, from "hot research and development" to "application of hot", a wide range of application promotion conference, it is overwhelming. At present, the domestic graphene practitioners, the vast majority of small and medium enterprises, most of the annual sales only in the hundred Million or so, and the lack of product development capabilities. Therefore, some foreign companies that claim to have an annual production capacity of 100 tons have far failed to achieve the expected output and profitability, leaving most enterprises at a loss.

Beijing MoE Technology Development Co., Ltd. Deputy General Manager Zou Chuanquan said: "The current domestic graphene" virtual fire "excessive. If the key technologies are not resolved, stay low, 5 to 8 years, there will be a large number of enterprises fell. Dai Jia-Long believes that in this craze of graphene, some places and enterprises embarked on the other extreme, the graphene as stimulating economic development "magic pill" & rdquo; To an irrational "fanaticism", seriously affecting the healthy development of graphene industry. How to eliminate the excess of "virtual fire" Experts suggest that we must not look dead on the graphene "alone bridge", in fact, the use of graphite resources can be developed a lot of products, Local governments and enterprises should be based on local conditions, around the market to develop multi-species, high value products.

Sun Chunlong told reporters that China has a vast anti-corrosion coatings market, of which the growing demand for marine heavy duty coatings. With the concentrated introduction of graphene-based heavy-duty anti-corrosive coatings by a number of domestic research institutes and enterprises, it not only has great significance for the development of anti-corrosive coatings, but also serves as a breakthrough to promote the industrialization of graphene. It will strongly promote the development of graphene From concept to application development. On July 6, "2016-2017 Annual Report on Graphene Development in China 2017" released at the 2017 World Graphene Innovation Conference shows that the graphene enterprises in China have exploded in growth since 2016, and research and development Enterprises accounted for about 43%, breaking the application areas are mostly touch screen and other product components, but a complete breakthrough in the formation of terminal products are rare, the product type is not a system. The report holds that, at present, China's graphene industry is still in the concept of the introduction period, is an early stage of industrialization breakthrough, graphene industry at least take 5 to 10 years to mature.