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石墨烯产业健康成长 还要“败虚火”

来源: 编辑: 人气:1158 时间:2017-09-21

  凯茵化工讯 俄罗斯研究人员好新发现,一种研究前景看好的抗氧化剂能有效杀灭数种革兰氏阳性和阴性菌,有望以该物质为基础研制新型抗生素。

  研究负责人、莫斯科国立大学的纳扎罗夫介绍说,细胞线粒体是活性氧的主要来源,线粒体内膜电势为负,而一种名为SkQ1的抗氧化剂带正电荷,因此它能进入线粒体并在内部“扎根”,进而与线粒体内生成的活性氧物质发生反应并抑制后者对细胞的破坏。

  然而在研究这种抗氧化剂对细胞膜内外电势差的影响时,纳扎罗夫和同事发现,这种物质能有效杀灭属于革兰氏阳性菌的枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,消灭属于革兰氏阴性菌的明亮发光杆菌、红假单胞菌。相关研究报告已发表在英国期刊《科学报告》上。

  进一步分析显示,这种抗氧化剂之所以能杀菌,一是因为该物质对上述细菌有毒性,二是它能以这些细菌的细胞膜为标靶,降低其细胞膜内外电势差,使相容剂促进细菌内部物质外排的“质子运动力”受到抑制,从而导致这种抗氧化剂的杀菌毒素在进入细菌内部后再难外流。

  研究还发现,这种抗氧化剂对一种耐药大肠杆菌杀菌效果较弱。这是因为这种耐药大肠杆菌具有高效排放系统,能借助膜融合蛋白、外排转运蛋白和外膜通道蛋白,像“水泵”一样将抗氧化剂的抗菌毒素排放到自身的细胞膜外。不过,研究人员设法使这种耐药大肠杆菌发生变异,无法生成依赖上述3种蛋白质工作的排放系统,SkQ1抗氧化剂便能有效杀灭这种耐药大肠杆菌。

  纳扎罗夫表示,实验结果显示,这种抗氧化剂除了有一定的抗菌作用,对哺乳动物的细胞也没有明显毒性,因此有潜力被研制成新型抗生素,对付那些凭借较强的“质子运动力”外排普通抗生素的耐药细菌。

Russia is expected to use targeted oxidants to develop new antibiotics

Kailin Chemical News Russian researchers recently found that one promising anti-oxidant can effectively kill several Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and is expected to develop new antibiotics based on the substance. Nazarov, head of research at the Moscow State University, said that mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species and that the mitochondrial inner membrane potential is negative. An antioxidant named SkQ1 is positively charged, So it can enter the mitochondria and "root" inside, which in turn reacts with the reactive oxygen species generated in the mitochondria and inhibits the latter's destruction of the cells. However, in studying the effect of this antioxidant on the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell membrane, Nazarov and colleagues found that this substance is effective in killing Bacillus subtilis and golden yellow grape belonging to Gram-positive bacteria Cocci, eliminate belongs to the gram-negative bacteria bright photobacterium, Rhodopseudomonas. Related research reports have been published in the British journal Science Report. Further analysis showed that the reason why this antioxidant bactericidal, one because the substance is toxic to the bacteria, the other is that it can target the cell membrane of these bacteria, reducing the potential difference between the inside and outside the cell membrane, so that Promote bacterial efflux of substances within the "proton movement force" is inhibited, resulting in the antioxidant bactericidal toxin after entering the bacteria and then difficult to outflow.

The study also found that this antimicrobial agent had a poor bactericidal activity against a resistant Escherichia coli. This is because this drug-resistant Escherichia coli has an efficient efflux system that uses the membrane fusion proteins, efflux transporters, and outer membrane proteins to release the antimicrobial toxins from the antioxidant membrane into their own cell membranes, just like "water pumps." However, as researchers sought to mutate the drug-resistant Escherichia coli and could not generate an exhaust system that relied on the work of the three proteins, SkQ1 antioxidants effectively killed the drug-resistant Escherichia coli. Nazarov said the results show that this antioxidant in addition to a certain antibacterial effect on mammalian cells nor obvious toxicity, it has the potential to be developed into a new type of antibiotic, with those who rely on more Strong "proton motility" drug-resistant bacteria out of ordinary antibiotics.

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